阅读: 2024/2/3 16:05:50
主动语态和被动语态
1.什么是主动语态?
主动语态强调行为的实施者,主动语态是清晰的,直接的,简洁的,没有歧义的
举例:Smith et al. investigated the relationship
2.什么是被动语态?
被动语态强调行为的接收者,被动语态是不直接的,冗余的。通过使用一定的被动语态,可以改变句式
举例:The relationship was investigated by Smith et al.
被动语态还经常容易犯错误,比如垂悬修饰语(修饰语在句中找不到逻辑上被修饰的对象)
垂悬修饰语:To investigate the source of nutrients, eggshell membranes were compared
修改:To investigate the source of nutrients, the study compared eggshell membranes
垂悬修饰语:After analyzing the samples, the plants were measured daily
修改:After analyzing the samples, the research measured the plants daily
3.主动和被动语态的比较
主动语态是大部分学术论文杂志中建议尽可能多使用的,因为它通常更简短,易于理解。虽然杂志建议尽可能多的使用主动语态,但是,没有建议所有语句都用主动语态,所以问题的关键是平衡这两种语态
使用被动语态的理由:
1)行为的实施者未知,不相关或者显而易见
举例:
<1>Up to 90% of the energy in light bulbs is wasted in the form of heat
作者无法将实施者的名字表示出来
<2>The first edition of Tom s earliest writings on dreams was published in 1899
作者假设读者对出版商不感兴趣
<3>Drosophila melanogaster has been one of the most extensively studied species in genetics research
实施者显而易见(研究者)
2)行为比实施者更重要
当在方法部分讨论实验步骤时,通常使用被动语态,因为读者会假设作者就是该实验的实施者,而这通常也是事实,用主动语态并不会使得句子更加明白,而且会转移焦点,同时使用主动语态意味着要使用大量的“we”,会使得句子不连贯。
3)接收者是主要话题
接收者是主要话题时,有必要把重要的关键信息放在句子的开头或者结尾进行强调。同时,在连接前面的句子时,用被动语态才能使得这个主题的叙述连贯
举例:We wish to suggest a structure for the salt and deoxyribose nucleic acid. This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological interest. A structure for nucleic acid has already been proposed by Paling and Corey.
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