“Argue”“Indicate”“Demonstrate”的区分

很多作者在写论文的时候，把indicate和demonstrate作为argue的同义词替换，这是有问题的，他们不是完全等价的。

当涉及到之前的研究中的观点，使用argue

而indicate和demonstrate通常用来描述事实或者已经被证明无可争议

argue还可以用来避免听起来对结果犹豫不定。比如“may indicate”“may suggest”“may demonstrate”都可以被argue加强

原始：The results may indicate that climatic change caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.

修改：We argue that climatic change caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.

避免以“It”和“There”开始句子

不要在每句话开头都用“It”和“There”。在科技论文的写作中，最好是把主语放在开头的位置，而不是放在“it”形成的从句中间，这样能使得文章更易读。避免使用这种以“It”和“There”开始的句子，比如

（1）It is known that ... （2）It is considered that ... （3）It demonstrates that ... （4）It could be said that ... （5）It follows that ...

原始：It is possible that participants between the ages of 18 and 19 responded differently than those between the ages of 20 and 21.

修改：Participants between the ages of 18 and 19 may have responded differently than participants between the ages of 20 and 21.

原始：There is a need for implementation of the policy on a large scale by the president of the association.

修改：The association president must implement the policy on a larger scale.

原始：It could happen that a decision to modify the model is made by the researcher.

修改：The research may decide to modify the model.

原始：There is a necessity for a semi-structured approach to be chosen.

修改：A semi-structured approach must be chosen.

原始：It was vital that quantitative measures would usefully supplement and extend the qualitative analysis.

修改：Quantitative measures must usefully supplement and extend the qualitative analysis.

原始：It is necessary that the best method to adopt for this investigation is determined by the committee.

修改：The committee must decide the best method to adopt for this investigation.

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