1

保持简洁，直击要害

首先，记住一句话：“简洁是智慧的灵魂”。

在撰写学术论文时，我们要坚持“每句只表达一个观点”的原则。

冗长复杂的句子不仅会让读者感到困惑，还可能掩盖你的核心观点。

试着将长句拆分成短句，每个句子专注于一个清晰的思想。同时，使用主动语态而非被动语态，这样可以使你的文字更加生动有力。

例如，原句：“The company that economists considered to be a model of modern employee conditions was Shravers Publishing, which was established as a subsidiary of the Shravers Educational Group by Dr John Mitchems in 1923.”

可以简化为：“Economists considered Shravers Publishing to be a model of modern employee conditions. Dr John Mitchems established this company as a subsidiary of the Shravers Education Group in 1923.”

这样的句子更加简洁明了，读者能更快地抓住重点。

2

合理安排句子结构

读者在阅读时，习惯性地期待主语和谓语（即行动者和动作）的紧密结合。

因此，在构建句子时，我们要注意主语和谓语的位置，确保它们之间的距离不要太远。

这样不仅可以提高句子的可读性，还能使你的观点更加突出。

例如，将“The patient’s liver readings [s] at 48 hours after exposure to the virus had increased [v] by 50%.”

改为“The patient’s liver readings [s] had increased [v] by 50% at 48 hours after exposure to the virus.”

这样的调整使得句子更加流畅，易于理解。

3

注重话题位置和重点强调

每个句子的开头都应该清晰地告诉读者这句话要讨论什么，即话题位置。这有助于读者快速抓住文章的主线。

例如，

Avian influenza infection rates have been increasing worldwide.Transmission has been rapid owing to high levels of international travel. H5N1 is one type of avian influenza currently being studied. Epidemiology studies have shown this virus to be especially pathogenic.

同时，句子的结尾往往是读者无意识中关注的焦点，即重点强调的位置。在撰写时，我们要巧妙地利用这一点，将最重要的信息放在句尾，以增强表达效果。

例如，

1. Introduction of the new assembly line increased manufacturing.

2. Manufacturing increased after the introduction of the new assembly line.

4

准确比较，避免模糊

在学术论文中，比较是常用的论证手法。但要注意的是，比较必须准确且具体。

例如，

BAD: The brain activity in Patient A was compared with Patient B.

GOOD: The brain activity in Patient A was compared with that of Patient B.

不要使用模糊不清的表述，而是要明确指出比较的对象和差异。

例如，

BAD: Reactions with the new machine were faster.

GOOD: Reactions with the new machine were faster than those with the old machine.The first sentence makes the reader wonder "Faster than what?"

同时，要注意比较词的使用，如“减少”、“增加”等词只能用于描述同一事物前后的变化，而“更高”、“更短”等词则适用于不同事物之间的比较。

例如，

BAD: In our study, time until hibernation was reduced in the Experimental Group compared with the Control Group.

GOOD: In our study, time until hibernation was shorter in the Experimental Group than in the

Control Group.

掌握这些英语写作技巧，让你的研究成果更加出色，更有机会登上Nature的舞台。

写作是一门艺术，更是一项技能。

通过不断的练习和反思，我们可以逐渐提高自己的英文写作能力。

别让不会写Paper成为你科研道路上的障碍。

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