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  • Quantum Technologies——汇总“问题”共建量子力学的最新丰碑

    阅读: 2023/6/2 15:49:29

    于2022年10月推出的剑桥大学出版社 Research Directions: Quantum Technologies 开放获取期刊,旨在利用量子效应优势(如量子纠缠和叠加),提高现有应用水平或助力创新。通过利用中子、电子、原子和凝聚态物质的量子特征,实现多种潜能,推动该领域的发展。Research Directions 系列开放获取系列期刊,希望为学术界和社会提供更多有益洞见。

    目前 Quantum Technologies 已发布6个问题,本篇文章将为您介绍详细内容。

    1

    如何利用量子技术检验基础物理学?

    How can quantum technologies be used for testing fundamental physics?

    问题摘要:

    Quantum technologies (QTs) have matured over the past decade. A range of different technologies utilise atomic, photonic or large-mass optomechanical systems in quantum states. Quantum metrology experiments such as those using atomic clocks have been pushed to evermore precision, and superconducting devices have been used to implement quantum information processing, to name only some. What is common to all those QT implementations is that they in some regards outperform their classical counterparts or hold promise to do so. The development of QT systems is mostly driven by the desire to use them for applications such as new forms of computation, communication and sensing.

    2

    原子和光学元件微加工能否为量子技术开辟新功能?

    Can the microfabrication of atomic and optical components open new capabilities in quantum technologies?

    问题摘要:

    Microfabrication of atomic and optical components plays an increasingly important role in the development of quantum technologies and their application in fields such as sensing, timing and spectroscopy. Driven forward by advances in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), new techniques are now used for critical atomic and optical components at the heart of quantum technologies, including diffractive optics, atomic vapour cells and miniaturised ion traps. A range of other miniaturised technologies, such as hollow-core waveguides and integrated photonics, also add to the capabilities of emerging quantum devices. These components offer the potential to scale atomic quantum devices down to chip-scale packages, increasing the application range and facilitating their in-field deployment. Additionally, miniaturisation may also unlock physical regimes, such as thin media effects and atom–interface interactions, opening avenues for new research which cannot be accessed using larger conventional components.

    3

    什么是量子技术中的稳健控制?

    What is robust control in quantum technology?

    问题摘要:

    Technology is the product of understanding physical processes and learning how to control them in order to achieve desired objectives. To be practically usable, technology requires a degree of reliability, which can be achieved by robust system design and control.

    4

    微细和纳米加工的挑战将如何影响量子技术的发展?

    How will challenges in micro- and nanofabrication impact the development of quantum technologies?

    问题摘要:

    The development of useful quantum technologies will heavily rely on assembling many sub-systems that exhibit quantum properties. These systems do not spontaneously assemble themselves into useable quantum machines: they rely on advanced fabrication techniques at micro- and nanometre scales. Examples of such techniques include the fabrication of electrodes and waveguides for trapped ions, of Josephson junctions and microwave chips for superconducting circuits, of electrodes for the control of quantum dots or the fabrication of low-disorder semi-conductors for the operation of Majorana Zero Modes.

    5

    我们如何量化量子算法的效用?

    How do we quantify the utility of quantum algorithms?

    问题摘要:

    Quantum cryptography bases its security proofs on physical assumptions. A longstanding observation in the field is that we may be able to do more cryptographic tasks when we assume not only the laws of quantum mechanics but also the impossibility of superluminal signaling (i.e., that information cannot travel faster than the speed of light). Relativistic quantum cryptography takes into account the spatial locations of the parties involved and uses the impossibility of superluminal signaling as a basis for security. Previous efforts in this field have been fruitful, both theoretically and experimentally.

    6

    相对论量子密码学的全部能力是什么?

    What are the full capabilities of relativistic quantum cryptography?

    问题摘要:

    Quantum computing advantage emerges not from brute force power, but from subtle differences in information processing that can occur for key bottleneck subroutines. In 2019, the Google Quantum AI team performed a landmark experiment demonstrating quantum computational supremacy (Arute et al., 2019) where they performed a quantum computation that, at the time, could not be done on a classical supercomputer. This was remarkable because it was achieved by a processor with only 53 qubits, an observation that emerged from theoretical work which identified that quantum computers could have a massive advantage for certain specially designed benchmarking tasks (Boixo et al., 2018; Bremner et al., 2016).

    转自:“剑桥学术”微信公众号

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