'同义替换'是所有接触英语同学们绕不过去的字眼，在学术写作过程中，替换同义词可以扩大词汇量，避免语句沉闷，让文章语言变得更加丰富。

无论是雅思托福、四六级，还是考研英语，阅读部分的同义替换都是很多同学的一大痛点，本期为大家剖析同义替换现象，以单词替换角度解读Paraphrasing！

同义替换 Paraphrasing

The act of paraphrasing is also called paraphrasis as it is a restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using other words.

同义替换，顾名思义就是用不同的表达来替换相同的意思。同义替换 Paraphrasing 可以分为以下三种类型：

单词 Word

短语 Phrase

可以为短语之间、短语对单词的替换，较为多见

句子 Sentence

通常以句子的核心意思替换单词或短语

同义替换 - 单词篇

Paraphrasing Techniques

词性替换

Word Paraphrasis

难度系数 ★

词性替换也被称为派生词，是同义替换中最简单的一类。在阅读中，通常是题目的关键信息与原文中的内容词性变化，要点是辩认出相同词根。

Statement: The survey concluded that one—fifth or 20% of the household transport requirement as outside the local area.

Original text: 80% was within the locality.

同义替换：locality--local

Statement: Monkeys were less likely to become diabetic.

Original text: and they have more normal blood glucose levels(pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked by usually high blood glucose levels).

同义替换：diabetes--diabetic

同义词替换

Word Paraphrasis

难度系数 ★ ★

这种同义替换比较常见，在阅读题目中和原文关键内容同义转述，最简单的就是同义词。在这里@学术英语为大家列出三组同义词替换：

adj. 重要的

v. 达成

n. 智力

important

attain

intelligence

vital

achieve

wit

significant

accomplish

wisdom

crucial

fulfill

mentality

decisive

acquire

brain

Statement: Over 2000 years ago, kites were used in Chinaas weapons, as well as for sending

Original text: the Chinese were using them to deliver messages…

同义替换：China—Chinese; deliver--sending

Statement: One of the brain’s most difficult tasks is to

A. react to their own thoughts

B. helped create language in humans

C. respond instantly to whatever is happening

Original text: Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human.

同义替换：most—extremely; difficult—demanding; task—job

上义词替换

Word Paraphrasis

难度系数 ★ ★ ★

上义词指的是相对概括抽象的词，而下义词则指的是相对具体的词。举例来说，动物animal是上义词，而fox, snake, kangaroo就是下义词。

Statement: Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old.

Original text: As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging –the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older.

同义替换：drug—treatment, delay the process of growing old—slow human aging

下义词替换

Word Paraphrasis

难度系数 ★ ★ ★

下义词的转换原理和上义词类似。

Statement: how AI might have a military impact.

Original text: HNC claim that their system based on a cluster of 30 processors, could be used to spot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefield or …

同义替换：military--battlefield

反义词替换

Word Paraphrasis

难度系数 ★ ★ ★ ★

双重否定即为肯定，在阅读中也会常看到反义词来替换，比如题目与原文使用反义形式进行转化。

Statement: What makes sticky insects feet special is the fact that they can also detach themselves easily from a surface.

Original text: There are lots of ways to make two surfaces stick together, but there are very few which provide precise and reversible attachment

同义替换：detach—reversible attachment (detach-attach)

转自：学术英语

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