阅读： 2023/6/8 10:43:40
超全整理｜中学「特殊过去式」和「过去分词」
英语动词包括过去式和过去分词两类变形，大部分情况下都是在动词原形后加 -ed 或 -d，但有些特殊变形。
特殊变形大致可分为5类：AAA, AAB, ABA, ABB, ABC，同学们可以按照这五大类去记忆，搭配平时的阅读、做题不会有太大的记忆难度。
AAA
AAA即动词原形、过去式与过去分词完全相同。
动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
burst | burst | burst |
cost | cost | cost |
cut | cut | cut |
hurt | hurt | hurt |
hit | hit | hit |
let | let | let |
put | put | put |
read | read | read |
rid | rid | rid / ridded |
set | set | set |
spread | spread | spread |
spit | spit / spat | spit / spat |
shut | shut | shut |
AAB
AAB即动词原形和过去式相同，但过去分词有所不同，在初中阶段只有 beat 一个。
动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
beat | beat | beaten |
ABA
ABA即动词原形和过去分词相同，但过去式不同，此类基本都是包含了 come 的动词。
动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
become | became | become |
come | came | come |
run | ran | run |
overcome | overcame | overcome |
ABB
常规动词也基本遵循ABB的规则，但有大量动词由于发音等原因，过去式和过去分词并非简单添加 -ed 或 -d ，而且并没有太多规律可循，需要同学们多看几眼，加深记忆。
词尾加 -t 或 词尾前的 -ee- 变为 -e- 并在词尾加 -t
动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
burn | burnt | burnt |
deal | dealt | dealt |
dream | dreamt | dreamt |
feel | felt | felt |
keep | kept | kept |
learn | learnt | learnt |
mean | meant | meant |
smell | smelt | smelt |
sleep | slept | slept |
spell | spelt | spelt |
sweep | swept | swept |
weep | wept | wept |
词中的元音替换为另一个元音，或词中双元音变为单元音
动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
awake | awoke | awoke |
dig | dug | dug |
feed | fed | fed |
get | got | got |
hang | hung | hung |
hold | held | held |
lead | led | led |
meet | met | met |
shine | shone | shone |
shoot | shot | shot |
sit | sat | sat |
speed | sped | sped |
spit | spit / spat | spit / spat |
stick | stuck | stuck |
win | won | won |
词尾辅音 -d 改为 -t
动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
bend | bent | bent |
build | built | built |
lend | lent | lent |
rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt |
send | sent | sent |
spend | spent | spent |
原形改为 -ought 或 -aught
动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
bring | brought | brought |
buy | bought | bought |
catch | caught | caught |
fight | fought | fought |
teach | taught | taught |
think | thought | thought |
seek | sought | sought |
其他
动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
have | had | had |
lay | laid | laid |
lose | lost | lost |
make | made | made |
pay | paid | paid |
retell | retold | retold |
say | said | said |
sell | sold | sold |
stand | stood | stood |
tell | told | told |
understand | understood | understood |
wind | wound | wound |
ABC
ABC即为动词原形、过去式和过去分词之间均不一样。
过去分词加 -en 或 -n
动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
break | broke | broken |
blow | blew | blown |
choose | chose | chosen |
drive | drove | driven |
draw | drew | drawn |
eat | ate | eaten |
fall | fell | fallen |
forbid | forbade | forbidden |
forget | forgot | forgotten |
forgive | forgave | forgiven |
freeze | froze | frozen |
get | got | gotten |
give | gave | given |
grow | grew | grown |
hide | hid | hidden |
know | knew | known |
mistake | mistook | mistaken |
overeat | overate | overeaten |
take | took | taken |
throw | threw | thrown |
ride | rode | ridden |
see | saw | seen |
sew | sewed | sewn |
shake | shook | shaken |
show | showed | shown |
speak | spoke | spoken |
steal | stole | stolen |
write | wrote | written |
take | took | taken |
元音 i 依次变为 a 和 u
动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
begin | began | begun |
drink | drank | drunk |
sing | sang | sung |
sink | sank | sunk |
swim | swam | swum |
ring | rang | rung |
其他
动词原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
be | was / were | been |
bear | bore | born / borne |
do | did | done |
fly | flew | flown |
go | went | gone |
lie | lay | lain |
wear | wore | worn |
bite | bit | bitten |
tear | tore | torn |
转自：“初高中英语学科教研”微信公众号
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