英文原题：Application of liquid metal electrodes in electrochemical energy storage

通讯作者：吴凡，中国科学院物理所

作者：Jian Peng (彭健), Hong Li (李泓), Liquan Chen(陈立泉)

背景介绍

锂金属由于其最高的能量密度而被认为是最理想的阳极，但传统的锂金属-液体电解液电池系统存在着低库仑效率、反复的SEI形成和锂枝晶生长等问题。为克服这些问题，无枝晶的碱金属、芳香烃和醚类溶剂的复合液态金属溶液电极被广泛研究。这些复合溶液比熔融的碱金属或碱金属合金更容易控制、更稳定。本文详细介绍了碱金属、芳香烃和醚类溶剂的复合溶液电极，包括其发展历史、原理和特点，并讨论/提出了限制其实际应用的障碍和未来的研究方向，以促进该领域的良性发展。

文章亮点

总结与展望

本文总结了液态碱金属负极的发展历程，全面分析了液态碱金属的理化特性，总结了近年来含液态碱金属负极的电池的相关工作，并按照不同电池结构的分类对含液态碱金属负极的电池进行了介绍。

熔融态金属锂和液态钠钾合金有很多缺点，包括需要高温来维持液态，金属锂的熔点高（200℃），界面润湿性差，安全性差。因此，液态碱金属溶液具有明显的优势。然而，液态碱金属溶液的比容量较低（Li1.5BP3DME10的容量仅为29 mAh/g），这样，单用液态碱金属溶液作为负极材料，无法实现高能量密度电池。因此需要使用碱金属负极，以液态碱金属作为金属锂的保护层材料。考虑到现有的液态碱金属体系电池不能固定在金属锂的表面作为稳定的保护层，需要设计一种新的结构/配置，将液态碱金属包裹在电池的中间，形成稳定的界面层。由于液态碱金属溶液的挥发性，液态碱金属也可以凝胶化形成凝胶膜层，并固定在碱金属表面，这样，由于聚合物基材的作用，液态碱金属的挥发得到抑制，电池的长周期性能得到提高。同时，还应该开发与液态碱金属和固体电解质兼容的具有较高离子传导性的界面层，进一步提高该电池系统的倍率性能。因此，液态碱金属的应用前景是设计和开发一种新型的碱金属电池，可以实际应用液态碱金属和液态碱金属的凝胶层作为保护层。这将为大规模制备安全性高、能量密度高、循环寿命长的固态碱金属电池奠定良好的基础。

团队近期论文

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通讯作者信息

吴凡：中国科学院物理所博士生导师、共青团常州市委副书记。入选国家级人才计划、中科院人才计划、江苏省杰出青年基金。

转自：“ACS美国化学会”微信公众号

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