菌根是陆地植物和真菌之间的共生体，真菌通过吸收矿质营养来交换植物的光合产物。以往多数研究发现多样性可以通过互补作用提高群落生产力，但多样性与群落生产力负相关和无关系的结果也很普遍。菌根类型被认为是决定植物互作关系的重要因素，然而，对于菌根类型如何影响植物互作关系及植物生产力仍不清楚。基于对丛枝菌根(AM)和外生菌根(EcM)树种多样性的长期实验，研究发现发现菌根类型在很大程度上决定了多样性与生产力的关系。随多样性升高，AM树种的生产力增加，而EcM树种的生产力下降，这主要是因为AM树种能够更有效地获取氮和磷。具体而言，随着多样性的增加，AM树种的凋落物分解和养分吸收能力均增强，而EcM树的凋落物分解和养分吸收能力呈平衡关系。本研究的结果为揭示“AM树种在亚热带森林中占主导地位，并且AM树种多样性能够促进群落生产力”提供了机理解释。

Fig. 1. Effects of tree species richness on NPP.

Fig. 2. Effects of tree species richness on NRE, PRE, and litter decomposition rate (k).

Fig. 3. Net diversity, complementarity, and selection effects of tree species richness on nutrient resorption efficiency and litter mass loss.

Fig. 4. Changes in three fungi trophic modes including symbiotroph, saprotroph, and pathotroph along tree species richness gradients.

Fig. 5. Generalized multilevel path models indicating the direct and indirect pathways through which tree species richness, nutrient resorption, litter decomposition, litter trait, and soil community drive variations in NPP of AM and EcM tree subcommunities.

【参考文献】

Yan, G., F. J. Bongers, S. Trogisch, Y. Li, G. Chen, H. Yan, X. Deng, K. Ma, and X. Liu. 2022. Climate and mycorrhizae mediate the relationship of tree species diversity and carbon stocks in subtropical forests. Journal of Ecology 110:2462-2474.

Deng, M., S. Hu, L. Guo, L. Jiang, Y. Huang, B. Schmid, C. Liu, P. Chang, S. Li, X. Liu, K. Ma, and L. Liu. 2023. Tree mycorrhizal association types control biodiversity-productivity relationship in a subtropical forest. Science Advances 9:eadd4468.

Dietrich, P., O. Ferlian, Y. Huang, S. Luo, J. Quosh, and N. Eisenhauer. 2023. Tree diversity effects on productivity depend on mycorrhizae and life strategies in a temperate forest experiment. Ecology 104:e3896.

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